Esa sensación de agotamiento que persiste desde que ruedas cama abajo al apagar el despertador cada mañana es conocida como “Inercia de sueño”. Quizás te quedaste hasta las 2 de la mañana viendo tu nueva serie favorita y haciendo scroll en Instagram y, mientras lo haces, decides aceptar el costo al día siguiente. Pero este estado zombi puede durar hasta 4 horas después de levantarte.
Al respecto, un estudio de los psicólogos de la Universidad de Talca, Héctor Vargas y Emilio Moyano, determinó que cerca del 50% de los chilenos duerme menos de 7 horas diarias: el mínimo requerido para una buena salud. Ahí el costo de trasnochar aumenta tanto como la probabilidad de tener un accidente en ese período extendido de inercia del sueño, señala la investigación publicada en la revista científica BMC Public Health (que puedes leer aquí).
Esta estadística aporta datos sobre la gran cantidad de accidentes laborales que ocurren camino al trabajo (previo a la pandemia y el teletrabajo) pero que son extrapolables a otras actividades domésticas matinales de personas deprivadas del sueño. Vargas y Moyano, explican que 1 de cada 4 accidentes de trayecto (en auto, metro, bicicleta o a pie) se relacionan con estos problemas en el sueño. Esto es un 24% del total de accidentes reportados por trabajadores y trabajadoras según estadísticas oficiales de accidentes laborales de la Superintendencia de Seguridad Social y la Encuesta Nacional de Calidad de Vida.
Los autores indican que la mayoría de estos accidentes ocurren en la mañana (un 70%) y solo una tercera parte cuando las personas regresan del trabajo. El rol de esta inercia o fatiga de sueño, puede durar desde pocos minutos hasta cuatro horas dependiendo de cómo haya dormido la persona. “A esto se suman la presión laboral de llegar a la hora, cumplir los plazos, y sistemas de turnos, y también las condiciones adversas del tránsito como pueden ser las malas condiciones de calles y veredas, empujones en el transporte público y agresividad, entre otros aspectos”, plantea el estudio.
Jaguares del mal dormir
La mala calidad de sueño y las pocas horas dedicadas al descanso de los chilenos los posicionan al límite de lo que se considera como saludable a nivel mundial con 7 horas y 8 minutos en promedio. Es decir, como el país de América Latina con peor calidad de sueño con cerca de un 50% de la población que duerme menos de lo requerido. “7 horas es lo mínimo que debemos dormir para mantener una condición de salud adecuada y poder desarrollar de forma apropiada nuestras tareas”, explica Vargas.
Por esta razón, los accidentes camino al trabajo generan una media de 26 días de ausentismo, mientras que aquellos ocurridos dentro del trabajo son responsables de 20 días de licencia. De estas cifras, el 40% de las muertes asociadas a accidentes laborales, corresponden a aquellos ocurridos de trayecto. En ese mismo sentido, la gran cantidad de horas dedicadas al trabajo semanal, también son un factor de riesgo: “más de 40 horas es un indicador riesgoso, como es el caso de Chile. Hay países como por ejemplo Holanda donde la jornada semanal llega a 36 horas”.
Vargas cree relevante que institucionalmente se planteen acciones que apunten a mejorar la calidad del sueño como política pública. “Se debe tomar como un tema importante de salud pública, así también se deberían realizar campañas por parte de los organismos administradores y las empresas que permitan que el trabajador tome conciencia del problema y así ser más cuidadosos en sus desplazamientos”, sostiene.
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