Cpap

¿Qué es un CPAP?

De regreso a una vida soñada

Los ronquidos, las dramáticas pausas en la respiración y la serie de consecuencias graves de la apnea severa del sueño se pueden evitar utilizando un aparato que tu médico llama máquina de presión positiva continua para la vía aérea o CPAP (se pronuncia cepap). Este pequeño motor conectado a una mascarilla de silicona a través de un tubo, realiza una terapia de presión positiva continua y constante sobre las vías respiratorias como tratamiento común. En palabras simples “infla” con aire constante la vía aérea que se encuentra obstruida por los tejidos blancos de tu garganta.

Es el tratamiento de mayor éxito en la actualidad para detener las consecuencias de la apnea del sueño. Los testimonios de quienes usan el CPAP describen una especie de renacer desde la primera noche de su uso. El sueño se vuelve totalmente reparador, se acaban los dolores de cabeza y mejora el humor del usuario. ¿El problema?, habituarse a dormir con una mascarilla puede ser complejo para algunos. El estudio “La presión positiva continua en la vía aérea como tratamiento del síndrome de Apnea del sueño” de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid estableció que, en promedio, la tasa de abandono de tratamientos vía CPAP es de un 7%.

El equipo consiste en el generador de flujo o presión positiva. La caja que “sopla” e infla la vía aérea como un globo para que no colapse. El aire se insufla a través de la manguera o tubuladura que está diseñada de manera firme y flexible para que no se doble y sea liviana para llevar el aire, finalmente, a la mascarilla. Esta última es la pieza clave de cuya comodidad dependerá el éxito del tratamiento. Suele venir en tres tipos: mascarilla nasal que cubre la totalidad de la nariz y es la mejor tolerada por quienes se acercan al uso del CPAP; la almohadilla nasal, que trae unos conos que se amoldan suavemente a las fosas nasales y genera una sensación mayor de entrada de aire y la mascarilla naso-bucal, la cual cubre boca y nariz. Está diseñada para quienes respiran por la boca.

Entre los accesorios que incluye el CPAP se cuentan los humidificadores que entibian el aire del equipo para evitar la sequedad en casos de rinitis o congestión nasal, cables de conexión a 12 V para utilizar el CPAP incluso para dormir en viajes y dispositivos para la limpieza del CPAP.

Cada año, la tecnología asociada a la fabricación de dispositivos CPAP ha ido evolucionando en cuanto a su diseño cada vez más pequeño, silencioso y portátil, la generación de reportes para el usuario a través de aplicaciones para el celular, para el médico hasta la optimización de su mantención.

Existen diversos prestadores de equipos CPAP en el mercado como testimonios en fotos y comunidades de internet de personas con síndrome de apnea del sueño. También hay variedad de expertos que pueden asesorarte en su compra o incluso su arriendo, una modalidad que permite probar estos dispositivos hasta decidirte por el que mejor se adapte a tu tratamiento. En cualquier caso, los especialistas y usuarios evangelizadores del uso del CPAP recomiendan perseverar en su uso. Muchas personas que reconocen la mejoría al cabo de pocos días de usar el CPAP, abandonan su uso, pero los síntomas regresan progresivamente.

Conoce acá algunas novedades en equipos y comunidades donde puedes resolver dudas sobre el uso del CPAP, un equipo que te regresará a tu vida soñada.

¿Algo más?: Descarga acá la Guía para pacientes con CPAP desarrollada por la Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica.

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