Covid 19InvestigaciónSalud del sueño

Las deudas como principal causa de insomnio del chileno

Cuéntame algo que no sepa: 46,9% de los encuestado declara tener problemas para conciliar el sueño

Un 46,9% de los chilenos ha reportado algún grado de problema para conciliar el sueño, señala el estudio del “Termómetro de la Salud Mental en Chile ACHS-UC”. Análisis que acredita que un 19,8% de la población entre 21 y 68 años presenta problemas de insomnio moderado o severo. En tanto, más de la mitad de los entrevistados (52,4%) admitió tener algún grado de dificultad para levantarse más temprano de lo deseado.

Antonia Errázuriz, académica del Departamento de Psiquiatría de la Escuela de Medicina de la Universidad Católica, a cargo de este estudio, señala que si hay algo que afecta particularmente a estas personas son las deudas. Se refiere específicamente a las “deudas incontrolables”, esas que escapan de las posibilidades de manejo de los afectados. El locatario que ve cómo la deuda de arriendo sube y sube sin poder abrir su negocio, quienes han visto mermados sus ingresos y no reciben ayuda del Estado mientras sus gastos permanecen iguales (o incluso aumentan) o quienes dieron un salto invirtiendo fuerte previo a una crisis global que paralizó al mundo, son un par de ejemplos.

Según el estudio, el 32,4 % de las personas desempleadas presentan problemas de salud mental frente a un 18,3% de las inactivas y solo un 9,3% de las ocupadas. Asimismo, la presencia de problemas de salud mental es muy superior en los hogares que reportaron una caída en sus ingresos con respecto al año pasado, mientras que las personas con deudas presentan síntomas en una proporción cinco veces mayor  a quienes no tienen problemas de deuda (5,8%)

La Dra. Errázuriz diferencia entre este tipo de deudas y las de otros proyectos en los que endeudarse es algo normal y acotado: la compra de un auto, de una casa a 20 años, donde el estrés del compromiso, precisamente “moviliza” al deudor, respecto de deudas enormes que lo paralizan. “A diferencia de deudas que te obligan a tomar acciones y hábitos, las deudas incontrolables son más complejas porque escapan totalmente al manejo de esta persona, paralizándola, incluso. éstas personas se acuestan y se levantan pensando “¿qué hago?”, describe la académica.

Muchas de estas personas que no pueden conciliar el sueño producto de las deudas, declaran que sus deudas parecieran tener “vida propia” y las ven crecer y crecer generando mayor molestia psicológica. “Cuando miramos estos datos de insomnio notamos que el que afecta a la población general alcanza un 19.8%, pero entre quienes tienen deudas es de un 39,8%, mientras quienes no tienen deudas alcanzan un 12,3%, es decir, son personas que duermen mucho más tranquilas y es interesante ver estos cruces entre deuda y salud mental”, agrega la experta.

Por otro lado advierte que quienes más somatizan este tipo de presión, son las mujeres, así como las personas con menos años de escolaridad. “Para enfrentar este tipo de cuadros de ansiedad e insomnio, el sistema puede abordar la problemática desde la educación, enseñando sobre la naturaleza e instrumentos de las deudas para generar ciudadanos más responsables financieramente”, opina Errázuriz.

Puedes descargar el estudio completo en este link

 

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