Después de 92 años de vida/autopoiesis, partió el influyente biólogo chileno Humberto Maturana Romesín. Su huella, tan extensa como reconocida a partir de sus hallazgos en la teoría del conocimiento, fue galardonada en 1994 con el Premio Nacional de Ciencias. Lee su particular interpretación sobre los sueños y el dormir desde su híbrido enfoque de la neurociencia, la ontología y el sentido común. Una explicación cercana y sin ripios sobre por qué los sueños no son algo caótico como suele pensarse, sino algo tan cotidiano como una conversación de sobremesa:
“Los sueños nos pasan, tenemos sueños. Pienso que los sueños son expresión de cómo uno vive en la dinámica inconsciente de su sistema nervioso su ser cotidiano. Todo mamífero tiene sueños como actividad onírica, y hay una dinámica neurofisiológica señalable en el análisis del electroencefalograma y de la actividad motora ocular y corporal que se llama el sueño REM durante la cual tendrían lugar. Más aún, en el sueño, en la situación onírica, el sistema nervioso está funcionando igual que en la vigilia, pero fuera de la modulación de las interacciones que el organismo tiene durante ésta. Por lo tanto, las vivencias que uno tiene en este período particular del dormir son de la misma clase que las que uno vive en la vigilia, pero sin efectividad motora.
En verdad no podría ser de otra manera, porque el sistema nervioso funciona siempre en la misma forma. Carl Gustav Yung lo dice claramente al decir que los sueños son comprensibles solamente desde la vigilia, no en términos de los episodios de ese vivir sino que en términos de vivencias, de modos de vivir. En ese sentido los sueños lo revelan a uno y lo hacen sin misterio. Al mismo tiempo, por supuesto, se trata no necesariamente de una vivencia propia del vivir corriente.
Yo a veces digo: la dinámica experiencial del sueño sigue cursos tan inesperados como una conversación de sobremesa en la que se pasa de un tema a otro en un fluir que parece errático pero no lo es. En la conversación de sobremesa no hay un hilo único porque no hay una restricción temática que se dé en el fluir de las interacciones de las reflexiones de los participantes, pero se sigue el curso de las asociaciones o reflexiones que ocurren en los participantes según su vivir y lo que la conversación misma evoca en ellos, y tal fluir es en sí perfectamente lógico. En los sueños pasa una cosa parecida, no siguen un curso caótico, siguen un curso coherente que fluye de las coherencias del vivir experiencial y no racional, siguiendo un curso en el que los distintos episodios del soñar se hilan según la presencia del emocionar adquirido en el vivir cotidiano.
No es extraño, por lo tanto, que las experiencias oníricas tengan el mismo carácter que el espacio psíquico del soñador y que un observador pueda establecer relaciones de significado o simbólicas entre ellas y la vida de relación de éste. Digámoslo aún de otra manera. La vida psíquica es nuestro modo de vivenciar nuestro espacio relacional como seres humanos, y este vivenciar nuestro pasa por nuestro conversar sobre nuestro vivir en el conversar. Además, desde este vivir nuestro en el conversar, nuestra vida psíquica tiene elementos simbólicos que corresponden a relaciones de significado que nosotros establecemos como observadores en el fluir de nuestro vivir en el conversar.
Así, aunque nuestro sistema nervioso como red cerrada de cambios de relaciones de actividad opera sin símbolos, como resultado de su cambio estructural como componente de un ser humano simbolizante, su operar, aunque ocurre en dimensiones incomparables con las dimensiones vivenciales en que vivimos nuestro lenguajear, tiene sentido en el simbolizar, y nuestros sueños no pueden tener sino el carácter simbólico que vivimos en nuestro espacio psíquico de seres que viven en el lenguaje, dominio en el que establecemos relaciones simbólicas”.
“El sentido de lo humano”
Ediciones Pedagógicas Chilenas
1991
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