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Tu buen desempeño intelectual requiere de algo más que una noche de buen sueño

¿Cuántas veces has escuchado que debes dormir bien la noche anterior a un examen?

Como sabes, es durante la cuarta fase del sueño (la más profunda) donde se forman las memorias duraderas y se estructuran los contenidos que el cerebro determina como útiles o dignos de enviar a la papelera de reciclaje: ese final de temporada, el chiste repetido que le escuchaste a tu papá o el dato del vecino que vende plantas carnívoras, etc. La neurociencia acredita que durante el sueño se reproduce la actividad cerebral diaria reforzando conexiones neuronales que hacen posible el aprendizaje. Este proceso de “plastificado” de la experiencia y el conocimiento puede verse afectado por una noche de juerga, la apnea del sueño, un viaje nocturno y, en general, una mala noche de sueño.

Un estudio publicado por la revista científica Nature indagó en cómo esas horas de trasnoche y estudio afectan al cerebro el día siguiente. Estar sin dormir 17 horas seguidas genera un efecto similar al de quienes tienen una concentración de 0,05 % de alcohol de sangre. Es por eso que has escuchado tantas veces que debes dormir bien la noche anterior a un examen, sobre todo si han sido esos últimos días los que has dedicado más intensamente a estudiar o preparar una presentación en el trabajo.

 

El estudio “Sleep quality, duration, and consistency are associated with better academic performance in college students” del Instituto MIT rastreó el sueño y desempeño de 88 estudiantes a lo largo de un semestre con smartwatches para determinar que la duración, calidad y consistencia del sueño tenía directa relación con el desempeño académico de estos universitarios, pero con una interesante variable.

El resultado, obviamente, fue que a mayor cantidad de horas de sueño de calidad, mejor desempeño. Sin embargo se pudo constatar también que no bastaba con dormir bien la noche anterior a un examen sino haber dormido cada día lo suficiente y con calidad durante todo el semestre.

Es decir, como el cerebro va reforzando los conocimientos noche a noche, es esperable que esta integración del aprendizaje sea un proceso constante y acumulativo. El mismo experimento demostró mayor relación entre sueño de calidad y consistencia en mujeres respecto a los hombres. Aunque el experimento se hizo entre jóvenes de 19 y 20 años, los investigadores creen que sus resultados son extrapolables a jóvenes de educación secundaria y adultos en busca de mejorar su rendimiento intelectual en el trabajo o cualquier disciplina.

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