Salud del sueñoTratamiento

Estudio determina que tras un año de uso las pastillas para dormir pierden efectividad

Un estudio de seguimiento por períodos de uno y dos años a mujeres consumidoras de medicamentos para dormir determinó que, en el largo plazo, no existe diferencia en la calidad o duración del sueño entre quienes toman pastillas para dormir y quienes no lo hacen.

La investigación, dirigida por el Brigham and Women’s Hospital de Boston, analizó las rutinas de usuarias de benzodiazepinas como zolpidem, zaleplon y eszopiclona y otros medicamentos para el control de la ansiedad y la depresión. Concluyó que estas personas no obtienen ningún beneficio” a la hora de conciliar el sueño al persistir en el tiempo con estos tratamientos, aunque estas sí ayudan a restablecer un hábito de descanso en usos de aproximadamente cuatro semanas.

La investigación cruzó datos del Estudio nacional SWAN (que explora los cambios biológicos y psicosociales de mujeres durante la menopausia) de 238 pacientes con una edad promedio de 49,5 años que recibían medicación para dormir respecto de 447 mujeres que no consumían pastillas para dormir en grupos a lo largo de 1 y 2 años de seguimiento. Las sujetos de prueba entregaron reportes sobre trastornos del sueño como dificultad para dormir, despertares frecuentes en medio de la noche.

Los informes señalaron que más del 70% de las mujeres de ambos grupos informaron trastornos del sueño al menos tres veces por semana y que, después de dos años, no hubo reducciones estadísticamente significativas en los trastornos del sueño entre quienes tomaban medicamentos recetados en comparación con quienes no.

En las conclusiones, los investigadores añaden que las alteraciones del sueño son cada vez más comunes y van en aumento a la par del uso de medicamentos para dormir. También el período de su consumo. Destacaron también una relativa falta de evidencia de ensayos controlados sobre su eficacia.

Hasta ahora la literatura medica registra que los efectos secundarios del uso de pastillas para dormir suelen incluir problemas de memoria, somnolencia matutina, cambios en el apetito, dolores de cabeza, acidez, temblores, malestar estomacal y cambios en la testosterona y el ciclo menstrual en hombres y mujeres, respectivamente. Por otro lado, como todo medicamento, la efectividad de las benzodiazepinas puede disminuir a medida que el cuerpo desarrolla tolerancia al medicamento. Esto significa que debe usar más para obtener el mismo efecto.

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